Throughout history, China has rarely engaged in large-scale, state-led overseas expansion. In contrast, Western nations, especially during the Age of Exploration, aggressively pursued global trade and colonial expansion through institutions like the East India Companies. Why did these two civilizations develop such fundamentally different approaches to overseas expansion? 1. The “Celestial Empire” Mindset vs. ExpansionistContinueContinue reading “The Great Divide: Why Eastern and Western Overseas Expansion Took Different Paths”
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